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PilotSchool Knowledge Base

Prevention and Treatment of Trapped Gases Issues

Introduction

Changes in atmospheric pressure during flight can significantly affect the human body due to the behavior of trapped gases. These pressure changes mainly impact areas such as the ears, sinuses, teeth, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs. Understanding preventative measures and treatments can help pilots mitigate discomfort and potential health risks.

Body Areas Affected by Trapped Gases

Middle Ear and Sinuses

  • Middle Ear:

    • Gas expansion during ascent can escape through the eustachian tube, whereas descent requires equalization to prevent ear block.
    • Treatments: Implement clearing maneuvers like the Valsalva maneuver, and use oral decongestants. It is crucial to avoid flying with a cold or sinus infection.
    • Sources: Airman Education Programs - FAA

  • Sinuses:

    • Pressure changes need to be equalized in the maxillary and frontal sinuses, especially affected by infections.
    • Treatments: Use the Valsalva maneuver and inhalants for pressure adjustment.
    • Sources: Introduction to Aviation Physiology - FAA

Other Affected Areas

  • Teeth (Barodontalgia):

    • Air trapped between fillings and tooth pulp can cause pain during ascent.
    • Management: Dental evaluation is required for persistent altitude-related tooth pain.
    • Sources: Airman Education Programs - FAA

  • Gastro-Intestinal Tract:

    • Gas expansion can cause discomfort and may lower blood pressure if severe.
    • Treatments: Belching or flatulation, and altitude adjustments can help relieve symptoms.
    • Prevention: Avoid pre-flight foods/beverages that could aggravate gastric issues.
    • Sources: How Airplane Travel Affects Your Body - Cleveland Clinic

  • Lungs:

    • Breath holding during decompression can increase the risk of lung damage.
    • Measures: Avoid breath-holding maneuvers to prevent lung injury.

General Preventative Measures

For All Pilots

  • Avoid Flying with Illnesses: Avoid flying when suffering from colds, sinus infections, or ear infections.
  • Manage Ear Pressure: Use techniques such as swallowing, yawning, and the Valsalva maneuver during flight.
  • Medication: Consider using decongestants and nasal sprays cautiously.
  • Hydration and Diet: Stay hydrated and avoid greasy foods to minimize general discomfort.
  • Training: Engage in hypoxia training to recognize early symptoms and prepare with “quick-don” oxygen masks.
  • Education: Learn about hypoxia and barotrauma prevention.
  • Sources: Aerospace Pressure Effects - StatPearls

Considerations for Children

  • Encourage swallowing by giving infants a bottle or pacifier during ascent and descent to relieve ear pressure.

Conclusion

Understanding the impact of atmospheric pressure changes and implementing the appropriate preventative and treatment measures can effectively prevent and manage the discomfort and health risks associated with trapped gases during flight. This knowledge is essential for safe flying practices and maintaining pilot health in various pressure environments.