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PilotSchool Knowledge Base

Understanding ADIZ and Pilot Actions

Understanding the Air Defence Identification Zone (ADIZ)

What is ADIZ?

An Air Defence Identification Zone (ADIZ) is a designated airspace in which aircraft must identify themselves and comply with specific regulations before entering. The primary purpose of an ADIZ is to ensure national security by monitoring and managing air traffic that approaches a nation’s sovereign airspace.

General Requirements for Operations in an ADIZ

Operating within an ADIZ involves several requirements aimed at maintaining secure and orderly airspace operations:

  • Flight Plan Requirement: Pilots must file either an IFR (Instrument Flight Rules) or DVFR (Defense Visual Flight Rules) flight plan before entering the ADIZ.
  • Radio Communication: Pilots should maintain continuous communication with air traffic control (ATC) and be prepared to receive instructions.
  • Transponder Usage: Aircraft must have an operable transponder with altitude reporting capability and set to an appropriate code, typically Mode 3/A code 7700 for emergencies unless otherwise instructed.

Actions by the Pilot of an Intercepted Aircraft

If an aircraft is intercepted within an ADIZ, pilots must adhere to specific procedures:

  • Radio Communication Attempt: Pilots should immediately attempt to establish radio communication with the intercepting aircraft or relevant ATC on guard frequencies VHF 121.5 MHz or UHF 243.0 MHz.
  • Transponder Setting: The transponder should be set to the emergency code 7700 unless directed otherwise by ATC.

Interception Procedures

  1. Approach Phase: Interceptors typically approach from behind at a safe distance.
  2. Identification Phase: Interceptors close in to visually identify the aircraft.
  3. Post Intercept Phase: Visual signals such as wing rocking, circling, or break-away maneuvers communicate instructions.

Special Considerations

  • Night/IMC Conditions: Interceptions may be initiated from below the intercepted aircraft for better visibility.
  • Emergency Codes: Code 7500 is used to signal hijacking.
  • Visual Warning System: Laser light signals indicate unauthorized entries into restricted areas; pilots must contact ATC and adjust their course immediately.

For further details, pilots are advised to consult resources like National Security and Interception Procedures - FAA.

Authority and Responsibilities of the Pilot in Command

Powers Vested in a Pilot in Command (PIC)

The Pilot in Command (PIC) holds significant authority and responsibilities under the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations (CASR), ensuring safety and compliance within the aircraft:

  1. Operational Authority: As per CASR 91.215, the PIC has the ultimate responsibility for the safety of the aircraft and the passengers on board.
  2. Safety Directions: The PIC can issue safety instructions to passengers and crew as stipulated under CASR 91.570 and ensure compliance with all necessary safety procedures.
  3. Behaviour Management: The PIC has the authority under CASR 91.525 to handle offensive or disorderly conduct on board and under CASR 91.790, prohibit boarding by persons under the influence of psychoactive substances.
  4. Emergency and Hazard Reporting: Obligated to report flight hazards, emergencies (CASR 91.675 and 91.680), and any contraventions related to emergencies as per CASR 91.690.

Compliance and Documentation

  • The PIC is responsible for ensuring compliance with the flight manual and the carriage of necessary documents (CASR 121.055 and CASR 121.085).
  • For different aircraft types, the responsibilities of the PIC are outlined under relevant CASA guidelines, such as CASR Part 121 for larger aeroplanes, CASR Part 135 for smaller aeroplanes, and CASR Part 133 for rotorcraft operations.

Conclusion

The pilot in command has substantial legal authority to ensure the operation’s safety, security, and regulatory compliance by managing crew and passenger conduct and responding to potential threats effectively. For more information, refer to Authority of Pilot in Command - Civil Aviation Safety Authority.

This section equips the aspiring pilot with a comprehensive understanding of the security protocols relating to ADIZ operations and the authoritative role of a pilot in command as per CASA regulations.